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Quick review 1935 to 1947

 

1935                           

  • Government of India Act of 1935. Still considered as a backbone of civil law in both India and Pakistan

 

1937

  • Inauguration of Provincial Autonomy; Congress Ministries in most provinces; Burma separated from India (1st April).

 

1939

  • Second World War began, Resignation of Congress Ministries in 9 provinces.

 

1940                           

  • Muslim League adopted"Pakistan Resolution" demanding a separate state for Muslims of sub-continent.

  • "Two Nation Theory" articulated by Muslim League leader Mohammed Ali Jinnah (popularly known as Quaid-e-Azam meaning the great leader) and others 

1941

  • Subhash Chandra Bose escaped from India to organize the I.N.A. Movement.

1942

  • Cripps' Mission ; 'Quit India' Movement started by Gandhi.

·        Parallel governments formed at Midnapur in Bengal, Balia in Uttar Pradesh, Talcher in Orissa, Satara in Maharashtra

 

1944

  • Japanese invaded India along the Indian-Burmese border, encouraged by Indian disunity and anti-British agitation. After initial successes, the Japanese were forced back into Burma by Anglo-Indian troops.

  • Gandhi and Muslim leader Jinnah began negotiations to iron out their differences, but the discussions ended in failure.  

  .

 

 

1945

  • India became a charter member of the United Nations

  • British government issued a white paper on the Indian question, with proposals resembling the Cripps mission of 1942.

 

1946

  • A new deadlock and anti-British riots provoked a new series of negotiations with Indian leaders

  • An interim government representing all major political groups except the Muslim League was established, with the Muslim League finally agreeing to participate.

  • J. L Nehru named Prime Minister of the Interim Government, formed through the Cabinet Mission’s plan to prepare India for independence.

  • Muslim-Hindu strife escalated in various parts of India , with widespread communal riots.

  • Muslim League observed "Direct Action Day" widespread communal rioting spreads to many parts of sub-continent

  • INA men tried. Muslim League Adamant about Pakistan

 1947

  • Partition of India ; communal rioting and mass movements of population begin, resulting in 250,000 deaths and upto 24 million refugees

  • India becomes independent (15 August);

  • Home Minister Vallabh Bhai Patel consolidates Indian states.

  • Jawahar Lal Nehru becomes first Prime Minister.

  • Kashmir attacked by Afghans/Pakistan.

  • Raja Hari Singh signs Kashmir documents to make it a part of India  

 

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